Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803) Recherche rapide

Attributs

  • DISTRIBUTION: Lien Faunafri
  • Biology : females grow faster and are always larger than males of the same age .
  • Colour pattern : Fischer et al., 1981b | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1967a | Whitehead, 1981 .
  • Common names : Placka finta / Placka mala / Placka skvrnita (Czech), Stamsild / Stavsild (Danish), Fint / Meivis (Dutch), Killarney shad / Shad / Twaite shad (English), Vintaloosa / Vinträim (Estonian), Täpläsilli (Finnish), Alauze / Alose feinte / Astouna / Caluyau / Couvreux / Feinte / Finte / Gatte / Lacia / Loza / Pucelle / Vérot (French), Abzeln / Bajeckens / Boje / Elben / Elf / Elft / Finke / Finte / Goldfisch / Gurre / Mutterhering / Parpel / Perpel / Staffhering / Tabarre (German), Cheppia (Italian), Stamsild (Norwegian), Aloza finta / Aloza parposz / Parposz (Polish), Saboga / Savel / Saveleta (Portuguese), Alosa / Saboga (Spanish), Staksill (Swedish) .
  • Current distribution known : in Africa, occurs along Atlantic coasts of Morocco and northern Mediterranean (and Nile) | in Africa, occurs along Atlantic coasts of Morocco and northern Mediterranean (and Nile) .
  • Distribution_references : Aprahamian et al., 2003 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Fisheries / overfishing : Aprahamian et al., 2003 | Bauchot, 1987 | Reynolds, 1966 .
  • Food habits : ichthyophagous, feeds on small fishes and crustaceans, the young taking the fry of herrings, sprats and gobies .
  • Food habits_references : Bauchot, 1987 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Growth / growth performance : Aprahamian et al., 2003 .
  • Habitat / home range : amphihaline species, schooling and strongly migratory, but apparently not penetrating far up rivers. Adults are usually found in open waters along the coast; juveniles are usually found along estuaries and near the shore, possibly making vertical diurnal movements synchronized with the tides; they remain in estuaries for over one year .
  • Habitat_references : Bauchot, 1987 | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Migration / movement : Bauchot, 1987 | Whitehead, 1981 .
  • Morphology / anatomy : Aprahamian et al., 2003 | Bauchot, 1987 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Kukuev & Orlov, 2018 | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1967a | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Reproduction : adults in the sea begin to congregate near mouths of estuaries in April. Enter estuaries and ascend rivers in May and June. Males begin such movements at 2-3 years, females at 3-4 years. Although movement upstream is usually limited to a few kilometres above the brackish zone, spawning has also been reported in non-tidal freshwater areas up to 400 km upstream. Spawning movements occur with spring tides and peak when river discharge levels are high. Spawn when water temperature is anywhere between 12-22 °C. Move to riverine spawning grounds at night; spawn in large, very noisy schools near surface and leave these areas before daybreak. Spent adults return to the sea and may spawn for 3-4 seasons throughout their lifetime. There is some evidence that most individuals return to their natal rivers to spawn. Eggs either drift with the current or sink to the bottom. Eggs hatch after 2-8 days. Larvae and juveniles move towards the estuaries and river mouths during their first summer and to the sea at the end of their second year. Males mature mainly between the ages of 2-5 years, females between 3-7 years. Length at maturity is between 30-40 cm total length .
  • Reproduction_references : Aprahamian et al., 2003 | Bauchot, 1987 | Breder & Rosen, 1966 | Kottelat, 1997 | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Size : 600 mm SL; 1.5 kg; maximum reported age: 25 years .
  • Types :
    • Alosa fallax balticus Kukuev & Orlov, 2018: 411-412, fig. 2, 4. Type locality: Curonian Lagoon, Baltic Sea, Russia. Holotype ZIN 56152; paratypes: ZIN 56153.
    • Alosa ficta Duhamel du Monceau, 1772: 320-323, pl. I fig. 5. No type locality. No types known.
    • Alosa finta rhodanensis Roule, 1924: 266. Type locality: Rhone River, France. No types known.
    • Alosa minor Bonaparte, 1846: 34. No type locality, no type. No types known.
    • Alosa squamopinnata Couch, 1865: 123, pl. 206 fig. 1. Type locality: Bristol, England. Holotype BMNH 2004.12.8.6.
    • Clupea alosa elongata Pylaie de la, 1835: 533. Type locality: côtes française de l'océan Atlantique. No types known.
    • Clupea fallax Lacépède, 1803: 452. Type locality: "Seine à Rouen". Putative neotype MNHN n° 3188 (designated by Whitehead, 1967a: 79).
    • Clupea finta Cuvier, 1829: 320. Type locality: "jusque dans le Nil". No types known.
    • Clupea finta Cuvier, 1829 a: 320. Type locality: "South of Nile, a.o.. No type material, but putative neotype of C. fallax probably examined.
    • Clupea rufa Lacépède, 1803: 424, 452. Type locality: Seine River, between Pointe du Hode to Aisiers, France. No types known.
    • Clupea sardinella Vallot, 1837: 277-283. Type locality: France and Italy. No types known.