Pellonula leonensis Boulenger, 1916 Recherche rapide

Attributs

  • DISTRIBUTION: Lien Faunafri
  • Colour pattern : Fischer et al., 1981b | Gourène & Teugels, 1990 | Gourène & Teugels, 1991 | Gourène & Teugels, 2003 | Ibala Zamba, 2010 | Munroe, 2016b | Musschoot et al., 2021 | Teugels, 2007a | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Common names : Pelonula sierraleonska (Czech), Smatandet pellonula-sild (Danish), Guinean sprat / Muffin sprat / Sardine / Smalltoothed pellonula (English), Guinea pellonula (Estonian), Totivi (Ewe: Ghana), Nzombimbi (Fang: Gabon), Spratelle de Guinée (French), Osendjélè (Galoa: Gabon), Taga rana / Waranga / Worongi (Hausa: Nigeria), Ntita (Igbo: Nigeria), Isoun [Ijo (Ijaw): Nigeria], Banabanagi (Nupe: Nigeria), Espadilha-da-Guiné (Portuguese), Sardinita guineana (Spanish), Salanpore (Yoruba: Nigeria) .
  • Condition / length-weight relationship : Assi et al., 2019 | King, 1996b | Konan et al., 2007 | Lalèyè, 2006 | Lederoun et al., 2016 .
  • Current distribution known : it is the most widely distributed clupeid fish in the Eastern Central Atlantic; in fresh and estuarine waters from northern Senegal to Democratic Republic of the Congo, upper reaches of Niger and lower parts of Benue. In central Africa, in Lower Guinea it is found from the Cross (Nigeria) to the Kouilou rivers (Congo), also in lower reaches of coastal river basins from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In western Africa, it is found in lagoons and lakes, as well as lower coastal basins. This species is known from upper courses of rivers, from the Senegal to the Cross river in Cameroon .
  • Distribution_references : Fischer et al., 1981b | Gourène & Teugels, 1990 | Gourène & Teugels, 1991 | Gourène & Teugels, 2003b | Ibala Zamba, 2010 | Munroe, 2016b | Musschoot et al., 2021 | Teugels, 2007a | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Fisheries / overfishing : Assi et al., 2019 | Otobo, 1974 | Petr & Reynolds, 1969 | Reynolds, 1966 | Reynolds, 1967 | Reynolds, 1969 b .
  • Food habits / trophic level : feeds on terrestrial and aquatic insects, but also ostracods and entomostracans; stomachs containing clupeid fish scales may represent cannibalism .
  • Food habits / trophic level_references : Albaret, 1994 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Gourène & Teugels, 1991 | Ikusemiju et al., 1983 | Kouamé et al., 2006 | Munroe, 2016b | Reynolds, 1970 b | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Genetics : Lavoué et al., 2013 .
  • Growth / growth performance : Assi et al., 2019 | King, 1997 | Künzel & Löwenberg, 1990 .
  • Habitat / home range : found chiefly in rivers and streams, also man-made and natural lakes; also in estuaries and lagoons. Apparently able to tolerate moderate or even quite high salinities. It forms enormous shoals in both inshore and offshore regions of Lake Kainji .
  • Habitat_references : Fischer et al., 1981b | Munroe, 2016b | Schneider, 1990 | Schneider, 1992 | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Morphology / anatomy : Daget & Iltis, 1965 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Gourène & Teugels, 1990 | Gourène & Teugels, 1991 | Gourène & Teugels, 2003b | Ibala Zamba, 2010 | Munroe, 2016b | Musschoot et al., 2021 | Teugels, 2007a | Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1979 | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Mortality : Assi et al., 2019 | Künzel & Löwenberg, 1990 .
  • Phylogeny : Lavoué et al., 2013 .
  • Population biology / population structure / population dynamics : Assi et al., 2019 .
  • Reproduction : reproduction occurs in rivers and lakes, and may be also in estuaries and coastal lagoons. It breeds from July to September in Lake Volta .
  • Reproduction_references : Albaret, 1994 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Kingdom & Allison, 2011 | Künzel & Löwenberg, 1990 | Munroe, 2016b | Otobo, 1978 | Reynolds, 1971 | Reynolds, 1974 | Scheffers, Conand & Reizer, 1972 | Whitehead, 1985 .
  • Size : 86.9 mm SL .
  • Types :
    • Microthrissa miri Daget, 1954: 67, fig. 12. Type locality: "Diafarabé (Soudan)". Holotype MNHN n° 25-214; paratypes (46 + numerous young specimens), n° 60-400, n° 60-402, n° 60-403, n° 60-404 & n° 60-405 (same locality as the holotype); and paratypes (1 + numerous young specimens) MNHN n° 25-179 from Bamako (Mali); paratypes 12) MNHN n° 60-401 from Touara (Mali).
    • Microthrissa normani Whitehead, 1986: 281-283, fig. 2 . Type locality: Birrim (Birim) River, Ghana. Holotype BMNH 1986.1.1.1; paratypes BMNH 1986.1.1.2-11, MNHN 1986-0449, CAS-SU 64818.
    • Pellonula afzeliusi Johnels, 1954: 351. Type locality: "Gambia river". Syntypes NRMS n° 11.149 (9) and BMNH n° 1977.11.29: 1-4 (4).
    • Pellonula leonensis Boulenger, 1916a: 172, fig. 111. Type locality: "North Sherbo District, Sierra Leone". Syntypes BMNH n° 1915.4.13: 11-12 (2).
  • Use and trade : marketed fresh and used for human consumption .