Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)

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Clupea caerulea : Mitchill, 1815 : 457 (junior synonym)The fishes of New York, described and arranged. | Parrish et al., 1989 : 2021 (synonym of Sardinops sagax) (junior synonym)The monotypic sardines, Sardina and Sardinops: their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography..
Clupea sagax : Jenyns, 1842 : 134 (senior synonym)Fish..
Sardinops sagax : Fischer et al., 1981 b : 39 (synonym of Sardinops ocellata)FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; Fishing area 37 and part of 47. | Whitehead, 1981 : 1 p. (synonym of Sardinops ocellata)Clupeidae. | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984 a : 2 p. (synonym of Sardinops ocellata)Clupeidae. | Whitehead, 1985 : 61-62, fig.FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae. | Bianchi, 1986 : 17 (synonym of Sardinops ocellata)Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para actividades des pesca. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de aguas salobras de Angola. | Parrish et al., 1989 : 2020, 2021, 2022, 2029The monotypic sardines, Sardina and Sardinops: their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography. | Kerstan, 1995 : 1-14Seasonal uncoupling of otolith and somatic growth in South African pilchard (Sardinops sagax) and its application. | van der Lingen, 1998 : 305-314Gastric evacuation, feeding periodicity and daily ration of sardine Sardinops sagax in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem. | Boyer et al., 2001 : 67-82Changes in abundance of the Northern Benguela sardine stock during the decade 1990-2000, with comments on the relative importance of fishing and the environment. | Harrison, 2001 : 46Length-weight relationships of fishes from South African estuaries. | Lawson et al., 2001 : 275, 276, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285Species identification of pelagic fish schools on the South African continental shelf using acoustic descriptors and ancillary information. | Munroe, 2016 b : 1738 (synonym of Sardinops ocellatus)Order Clupeiformes: Clupeidae..
Clupea lata : Richardson & Gray, 1843 : 221 (junior synonym)List of fish hitherto detected on the coasts of New Zealand, by John Richardson M.D., Inspector of Hospitals at Haslar; with the description, by J.E. Gray, Esq. and Dr. Richardson, of the New Species brought home by Dr. Dieffenbach..
Clupea melanosticta : Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 : 237, pl. 157, fig. 3 (junior synonym)Pisces. | Parrish et al., 1989 : 2021 (synonym of Sardinops sagax) (junior synonym)The monotypic sardines, Sardina and Sardinops: their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography..
Clupea ocelatta : Pappe, 1853 : 29 (junior synonym)Synopsis of the edible fishes of the Cape of Good Hope. | Parrish et al., 1989 : 2021 (synonym of Sardinops sagax) (junior synonym)The monotypic sardines, Sardina and Sardinops: their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography..
Meletta caerulea : Girard, 1854 : 138 (junior synonym)Descriptions of new fishes, collected by Dr. A.L. Heermann, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific railroad route, under Lieut. R.S. Williamson, U.S.A..
Alosa musica : Girard, 1855 : 199 (junior synonym)Abstract of a report to Lieut. Jas. M. Gilliss, U.S.N., upon the fishes collected during the U.S.N, Astronomical Expedition to Chili. | Whitehead, 1985 : 61 (synonym of Sardinops sagax) (junior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae. | Parrish et al., 1989 : 2021 (synonym of Sardinops sagax) (junior synonym)The monotypic sardines, Sardina and Sardinops: their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography..
Alausa californica : Gill, 1862 : 281 (junior synonym)Notice of a collection of the fishes of California presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. Samuel Hubbard..
Clupea advena : Philippi, 1879 : 161, pl. 10 (junior synonym)Ueber einige neue Chilenische Thiere (with 4 subtitles). | Whitehead, 1985 : 61 (synonym of Sardinops sagax) (junior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..
Clupea neopilchardus : Steindachner, 1879 b : 29 (junior synonym)Ueber einige neue und seltene Fischarten aus den zoologischen Museen zu Wien, Stuttgart und Warschau..
Sardinops ocellata : Fischer et al., 1981 b : 39-40, fig. (junior synonym)FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; Fishing area 37 and part of 47. | Whitehead, 1981 : 2 p., fig. (junior synonym)Clupeidae. | Thomas, 1984 : 63-69 (junior synonym)A method of age determination for the South West African pilchard Sardinops ocellata. | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984 a : 2 p., fig. (junior synonym)Clupeidae. | Whitehead, 1985 : 49 (synonym of Sardinops ocellatus). (junior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae. | Bianchi, 1986 : 17 (junior synonym)Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para actividades des pesca. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de aguas salobras de Angola. | Parrish et al., 1989 : 2021 (junior synonym)The monotypic sardines, Sardina and Sardinops: their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography. | Torres, 1991 : 51 (junior synonym)Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part I. Length-weight relationships. | Torres & Pauly, 1991 : 38 (junior synonym)Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part II: Growth parameters. | Fricke et al., 2018 : 56 (junior synonym)Annotated checklist of the fishes of Madagascar, southwestern Indian Ocean, with 158 new records..
Sardinops sagax (part.) : Whitehead, 1985 : 49 (synonym of Sardinops ocellatus). (misidentification)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..
Sardinops ocellatus : Whitehead, 1985 : 60-61, fig. (junior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae. | Armstrong et al., 1987 : 871-884 (junior synonym)Pilchard distribution in South African waters, 1983-1985. | Fischer et al., 1990 : 82, fig. (junior synonym)Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de aguas salobras de Moçambique. | van der Elst, 1993 : 185 (junior synonym)A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. | Bianchi et al., 1999 : 143, fig. (junior synonym)FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. | Munroe, 2016 b : 1738, fig. (junior synonym)Order Clupeiformes: Clupeidae..
Arengus sagax : Whitehead, 1985 : 49, 61 (synonym of Sardinops ocellatus an Sardinops sagax). (senior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..

Attributs

DISTRIBUTION: Lien Faunafri
Colour pattern : Fischer et al., 1981b | Munroe, 2016b | Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Common names : Pelser / Sardyn / Suid-Afrikaanse pelser (Afrikaans), Sardinka africka / Sardinka hobsonska / Sardinka kalifornska / Sardinka modra / Sardinka skvrnita / Sardinka teckovana / Sardinka tichomorska (Czech), Stillehavssardin (Danish), Californische pelser / Californische sardine / Chileense pelser / Chileense sardine / Japanese pelser / Japanse pelser (Dutch), Australian pilchard / California pilchard / California sardine / Californian pilchard / Chilean pilchard / Chilean sardine / Japanese pilchard / Picton herring / Pilchard / South American pilchard / Southern African pilchard / Spotlined sardine (English), Hareng / Pilchard de Californie / Pilchard de l'Afrique austral / Pilchard du Japon / Pilchard sudaméricain / Sardine du Pacifique / Sardinops d'Afrique du Sud / Sardinops d'Australie / Sardinops du Chili / Sardinops du Japon (French), Australische Sardine / Chilenische Sardine / Japanische Sardine / Kalifornische Sardine / Pazifische Sardine / Südafrikanische Sardine / Südamerikanische Sardine / Südpazifische Sardine (German), Sardina australiana / Sardina del Cile / Sardina di California / Sardina giapponese (Italian), Arinca-do-Cabo / Sardina australiana / Sardinha / Sardinha sul-africana / Sardinha-da-Africa-do-Sul / Sardinha-do-Cabo / Sardinha-do-reino / Sardinopa / Sardinopa da Australia / Sardinopa da California / Sardinopa-chilena / Sardinopa-da-africa-do-sul / Sardinopa-da-California / Sardinopa-japonesa / Sardinops-da-Austrália (Portuguese), Pilchard California / Pilchard chilena / Sardina / Sardina de Africa austral / Sardina de California / Sardina japonesa / Sardina monterrey / Sardina sudafricana / Sardina sudamericana (Spanish) .
Condition / length-weight relationship : Harrison, 2001 | Torres, 1991 .
Current distribution known : found from southern Africa to eastern Pacific. In the southeastern Atlantic and southwestern Indian, this species occurs from Baia dos Tigres, Angola to Durban, South Africa; recent records report this species from Madagascar and the Macarenes .
Distribution_references : Armstrong et al., 1987 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Fricke et al., 2018 | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
External factors : Boyer et al., 2001 .
Fisheries / overfishing : Bianchi et al., 1999 | Boyer et al., 2001 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Food habits / trophic level : feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans. Young fish feed on zooplankton such as copepod and adults on phytoplankton .
Food habits / trophic level_references : Bianchi et al., 1999 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Munroe, 2016b | van der Lingen, 1998 | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Growth / growth performance : Armstrong et al., 1987 | Kerstan, 1995 | Thomas, 1984 | Torres & Pauly, 1991 .
Habitat / home range : occurs in coastal waters, but maily marine, but can move (rarely) south of the Orange River .
Habitat_references : Bianchi, 1986 | Bianchi et al., 1999 | Fischer et al., 1981b | Fischer et al., 1990 | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Migration / movement : a high migratory species .
Morphology / anatomy : Fischer et al., 1981b | Munroe, 2016b | Parrish et al., 1989 | Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | Whitehead, 1981 | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Physiology / metabolism : van der Lingen, 1998 .
Reproduction : oviparous, with pelagic eggs, and pelagic larvae .
Reproduction_references : Fischer et al., 1981b | Munroe, 2016b | Whitehead, 1981 .
Size : 395 mm SL, longest estimated maximum longevity:20-25 years .
Types :
- Alausa californica Gill, 1862: 281. Type locality: California, U.S.A. Syntypes USNM 4484.
- Alosa musica Girard, 1855: 199. Type locality: Caldera Bay, Valpariso, Chile. Holotype USNM 75831.
- Clupea advena Philippi, 1879: 161, pl. 10. Typer locality: Chile. No types known.
- Clupea caerulea Mitchill, 1815: 457. Type locality: New York, U.S.A. No types known.
- Clupea lata Richardson & Gray, 1843: 221. No type locality. No types known.
- Clupea melanosticta Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 237, pl. 107, fig. 3. Type locality: Coast of Japan. Lectotype RMNH 3258a; paralectotypes RMNH 3258b-d.
- Clupea neopilchardus Steindachner, 1879: 29. Type locality: Hobson's Bay, 37°51'S, 144°56'E, Victoria, Australia. Holotype SMNS 2250 (probably lost).
- Clupea ocellata Pappe, 1853: 29. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, southeastern Atlantic. No types known.
- Clupea sagax Jenyns, 1842: 134. Type locality: Lima, San Lorenzo Island, Peru. Holotype BMNH 1917.7.25.2.
- Meletta caerulea Girard, 1854: 138. Type locality: San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Syntypes ANSP 1240-1243, 1252.
Use and trade : used for bait, aquaculture feed, fishmeal and human consumption (Namibia and South Africa) .