Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792)

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Amblygaster sirm : Breder & Rosen, 1966 : 628-629Modes of reproduction in fishes. | Bauchot & Bianchi, 1984 : 31, fig.Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. Guide des poissons commerciaux de Madagascar (espèces marines et d'eaux saumâtres). | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984 a : 2 p., fig.Clupeidae. | Bianchi, 1985 : 4, fig.FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. | Whitehead, 1985 : 88-89, fig.FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae. | Nhwani & Makwaia, 1988 : 7, 8, 9Aspects of the fishery and biology of small pelagic fishes at Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. | Fischer et al., 1990 : 79, fig.Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. | Sommer et al., 1996 : 142, fig.FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. | Letourneur et al., 2004 : 209An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. | Fricke et al., 2009 : 21, 127, 148, 163Annotated checklist of the fish species (Pisces) of La Réunion, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. | Golani & Bogorodsky, 2010 : 13The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. | Akel & Karachie, 2017 : 87The marine ichthyofauna of Egypt. | Fricke et al., 2018 : 54Annotated checklist of the fishes of Madagascar, southwestern Indian Ocean, with 158 new records. | Golani & Fricke, 2018 : 30Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants..
Clupea harengus sirm : Walbaum, 1792 : 38 (senior synonym)Petri Artedi Sueci Genera piscium in quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis..
Clupea sirm : Rüppell, 1837 : 77, pl. 21, fig. 1 (senior synonym)Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Volume 3: Fische des Rothen Meeres. | Klunzinger, 1871 : 598 (senior synonym)Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. | Whitehead, 1965 b : 256 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (senior synonym)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions. | Losse, 1966 : 174 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (senior synonym)Check list of elopoid and clupeoid fishes in East African coastal waters. | Whitehead, 1985 : 88 (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (senior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..
Sardinella leiogastroides : Bleeker, 1854 e : 255 (junior synonym)Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. | Whitehead, 1985 : 88 (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (junior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..
Alosa sirm : Günther, 1866 c : 123 (senior synonym)Fishes of Zanzibar. Pharyngognathi, etc. | Whitehead, 1965 b : 256 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (senior synonym)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions. | Losse, 1966 : 174 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (senior synonym)Check list of elopoid and clupeoid fishes in East African coastal waters..
Harengula bipunctata (non Valenciennes, 1847) : Klunzinger, 1871 : 599 (misidentification)Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. | Whitehead, 1965 b : 256 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (misidentification)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions..
Clupea liogaster : Klunzinger, 1871 : 598 (junior synonym)Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. | Whitehead, 1965 b : 256 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (junior synonym)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions..
Clupea pinguis : Günther, 1872 : 425 (junior synonym)On some new species of reptiles and fishes collected by J. Brenchley, Esq. | Whitehead, 1985 : 88 (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (junior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..
Sardinops dakini : Whitley, 1937 : 114 (junior synonym)Further ichthyological miscellanea. | Whitehead, 1985 : 88 (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (junior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..
Sardinella (Ambligaster) sirm : Bertin, 1943 b : 389 (missprint)Les Clupéiformes du canal de Suez, comparés à ceux de la Mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. | Whitehead, 1965 b : 256 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (missprint)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions..
Sardinella sirm : Fowler, 1945 : 116, fig. 2 (senior synonym)The fishes of the Red Sea. | Tortonese, 1947 b : 82 (senior synonym)Materiali zoologici dell'Eritrea, Pt. VII. | Whitehead, 1965 b : 248, 249, 256-257, 281 (senior synonym)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions. | Losse, 1966 : 174 (senior synonym)Check list of elopoid and clupeoid fishes in East African coastal waters. | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984 a : 2 p. (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (senior synonym)Clupeidae. | Bianchi, 1985 : 4 (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (senior synonym)FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. | Whitehead, 1985 : 88 (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (senior synonym)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..
Sardinella leiogaster (non Valenciennes, 1847) : Tortonese, 1947 b : 82 (misidentification)Materiali zoologici dell'Eritrea, Pt. VII. | Whitehead, 1965 b : 256 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (misidentification)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions..
Sardinella clupeoides (non Bleeker,1849) : Whitehead, 1965 b : 256 (synonym of Sardinella sirm) (misidentification)A review of the elopoid and clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions..
Ambligaster sirm : Whitehead, 1985 : 88 (synonym of Amblygaster sirm) (missprint)FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies & wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae & Pristigasteridae..

Attributs

DISTRIBUTION: Lien Faunafri
Colour pattern : Whitehead, 1965b | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Common names : Sardinka rudomorska (Czech), Plettet glatmavesardin (Danish), Northern pilchard / Sardine / Sardinella / Spotted pilchard / Spotted sardine / Spotted sardinella (English), Tähniline tambaan (Estonian), Sardinelle tachetée (French), Besisika-pepe / Besisike-pepe / Geba / Ampiny (Malagasy), Sardynela sirm (Polish), Sardinha manchada (Portuguese: Mozambique), Sardinela manchada (Spanish), Dagaa-damu / Dagaa-papa / Dagaa-suli (Swahili: Tanzania) .
Current distribution known : a pelagic species widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific from the eastern coast of Africa (including Réunion Island and Madagascar) to Australia, Fiji and New Caledonia .
Distribution_references : Fricke et al., 2009 | Fricke et al., 2018 | Whitehead, 1965b | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Fisheries / overfishing : Nhwani & Makwaia, 1988 .
Food habits : feeds mainly on copepods, nauplii and zoea larvae, larval bivalves and gastropods, as well as Peridinium and Ceratium; juveniles also on phytoplankton .
Food habits_references : Whitehead, 1985 .
Habitat / home range : a pelagic, schooling species occurring in coastal waters and lagoons .
Habitat_references : Fischer et al., 1990 | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Morphology / anatomy : Whitehead, 1965b | Whitehead, 1985 | Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984a .
Reproduction : estimated to reach maturity within one year at approximately 14-15 cm standard length. Females reportedly mature at larger sizes than males and have an absolute fecundity between 8,000 and 132,900 eggs/spawning. It is a multiple spawner with a protracted spawning season and periods of intense spawning activity. Spawning takes place in the early evening, most likely prior to midnight .
Reproduction_references : Breder & Rosen, 1966 | Whitehead, 1985 .
Size : 270 mm SL; longevity of up to 4 years .
Types :
- Clupea harengus sirm Walbaum, 1792: 38. Type locality: Red Sea. No types known.
- Clupea liogaster Klunzinger, 1871: 588. Type locality: Kosier, Red Sea. No types known.
- Clupea pinguis Günther, 1872: 425. Type locality: Island, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Syntypes BMNH 1870.8.31.49-50.
- Sardinella leiogastroides Bleeker, 1854: 255. Type locality: Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype RMNH 7093.
- Sardinops dakini Whitley, 1937: 114. Type locality: Thursday Island, northern Queensland, Australia. Syntypes QM I.5309, I.5336-5337.
Use and trade : this species is a component of commercial, artisanal, and subsistence fisheries throughout its range. It is fished in relatively large numbers in the artisanal purse seine fishery in Tanzania .