Bathyaethiops
Body form tends to be robust and high. Body depth 1.9-2.9, head length is 3.55-4 of the standard length. Prominent lower jaw. Parietal fontanel present. Dental formula [4/8 (upper jaw), 6-8/2 (lower jaw)], with two lower inner teeth. Outer premaxillary teeth alternating with inner row. Cuspids number: upper jaw, outer row from 3 to 5, inner row from 4 to 9; lower jaw , outer row from 3 to 7, inner row 1. Unpaired fins non-filamentous. Dorsal fin, II, 8. Anal fin III, 22-25. Gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch 9-11. Longitudinal line scales 28-42 + 1-2; transversal line scales [5½-8½ (above lateral line), 3 ½-5½ (below lateral line)]; scales around caudal peduncle 10-16. Lateral line complete or shortened back: 9-34 tubes.
Colour pattern: a black humeral spot or not. A large blackish spot on the caudal peduncle.
Synonyms
Micralestes Boulenger, 1899 (partim)
Phenacogrammus Eigenmann, 1907 (partim)
Alestopetersius (Microlepidalestes) Hoedeman, 1951
Alestopetersius (Brachypetersius) Hoedeman, 1951
Alestopetersius (Alestogrammus) Hoedeman, 1951 (partim)
Phenacogrammus (Microlepidalestes) Hoedeman, 1959
Phenacogrammus (Brachypetersius) Hoedeman, 1959
Phenacogrammus (Alestogrammus) Hoedeman, 1959
Type species Bathyaethiops greeni
Bathyaethiops greeni Fowler, 1949 by monotypy.
Currently, six species are assigned to the genus Bathyaethiops.
Key to species.
1 4½ scale rows between lateral line and dorsal fin; 2½ scale rows between lateral line and ventral fins; squamation always
complete..............................................................................................................................................B. atercrinis
6½ or more scale rows between lateral line and dorsal fin; 3½ scale rows or more between lateral line and ventral fins; or
squamation always..................................................................................................................................................2
2 A spot free of any melanophores (red in life, white in preserved specimens) directly in front of dorsal fin.........B. flammeus
No such spot..........................................................................................................................................................3
3 Humeral spot only slightly as the dark spot on the caudal peduncle; squamation on flanks incomplete; lateral line incomplete
....................................................................................................................................................................B. baka
Humeral spot significantly smaller than the dark spot on the caudal peduncle; squamation on flanks complete; lateral line
complete or incomplete............................................................................................................................................4
4 Dark spot on the caudal peduncle more or less rectangular and horizontally elongated hardly extending above midlateral level
........................................................................................................................................................B. breuseghemi
Dark spot on the caudal peduncle round or irregular with one third or more positioned above midlateral level.....................5
5 6½ scales between lateral line and dorsal fin; humeral spot smaller than ½ of the pupil (or even absent); caudal peduncle spot
horizontaly elongated with a more or less irregular outline.................................................................B. caudomaculatus
(7½) 8½ scales between lateral line and dorsal fin; humeral spot ¾ of the pupil or more; caudal peduncle spot about as high
as wide and more or less rouded....................................................................................................................B. greeni
One of the best characters to distinguish most Bathyaethiops species from each other appears to be their melanophore patterning (see figure below)), which is clearly visible in most preserved specimens. Vertical bars along a horizontal line characterize B. greeni, B. flammeus and may be present in B. caudomaculatus, although specimens without bars are also known for this taxon. Within this barred species complex only B. flammeus has a melanophore free spot in front of the dorsal fin base. In B. greeni the humeral spot is much more pronounced than in B. caudomaculatus, if in the latter a spot is present at all. B. caudomaculatus appears to be the most variable species with regard to the degree of color patterns like bars and spots: from present to faint or even absent, except for the caudal peduncle spot, which is always present. The holotype of this species exhibits clearly visible bars, as well as a humeral and caudal peduncle spot. Species without bars are B. breuseghemi, B. baka, B. atercrinis and, in part, B. caudomaculatus. Bathyaethiops baka is the only one having a humeral spot larger than its pupil. Bathyaethiops atercrinis has no well-defined humeral spot, but rather a faint humeral stripe. In the latter species the blotch on the caudal peduncle is large and extends on the anal fin. In B. breuseghemi the blotch on the caudal peduncle is almost rectangular and hardly extending above the midlateral level; its humeral spot is very small and, following Poll (1967a), it may be even absent.
Pigmentation pattern (only melanophores) of species presently recognized in the genus Bathyaethiops (from Moritz & Schliewen, 2016).
Bathyaethiops atercrinis Mamonekene & Stiassny, 2012
Type and type locality:
Bathyaethiops atercrinis Mamonekene & Stiassny, 2012: 478-481, fig. 1-5. Type locality “Republic of Congo, Lékoumou Province, Lékoumou River at Bridge, 3°22’49.30”S, 13°15’55.01”E”. Holotype AMNH 253501, paratypes AMNH 253503, MRAC B1.19.P.1-4, ZSM 40758, CU 96796.
Common names
English: Black fin moon tetra (Congo)
Estonian: Komeet-kuutetra
Description
Diagnosis: small-sized species, maximum size 40.3 mm SL. Relatively deep-bodied, particularly in mature males, body depth 32.0-37.6% SL (mean 35.6), greatest depth at vertical through insertion of pelvic fin. Head length 26.4-29.9 (mean 28.6), eye large, bony orbit diameter 36.1-39.9% HL (mean 38.3). Dorsal head profile gently convex from upper lip to nape, steeply convex from that point to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal body profile slightly concave along dorsal-fin base, gently convex to caudal-fin base. Ventral body profile convex between isthmus and anal-fin base. Caudal peduncle usually slightly longer than deep.
Mouth terminal, lower jaw prominent and slightly prognathous. Premaxilla with 2 teeth in outer row, each bearing 3 cusps, positioned opposite interspaces between and alternating with, 4 inner row teeth, each bearing 5-7 cusps. Dentary with 4 teeth in outer row, each bearing 8 cusps, 2 small, unicuspid inner row teeth situated at jaw symphysis (see figure below).
Dorsal-fin rays ii, 7 or 8 (mode 8), anal-fin rays iii,15-17 (mode 16). Origin of dorsal fin slightly in advance of vertical through pelvic-fin insertion.
Body covered with large, regularly imbricate scales. Pored scales of lateral line reduced to 6 or 7 anterior scales. 21 to 24 scales in longitudinal series to caudal flexion, 4.5 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin insertion, 2.5 between lateral line and pelvic-fin insertion, 10 circumpeduncular scales. 13 or 14 elongate gill rakers arrayed along lower limb of first arch. Total vertebral count 33-35 (mode 34).
Bathyaethiops atercrinis: mouth open in lingual view.
Bathyaethiops atercrinis: morphometric and meristic data.
Maximum reported size: 40.3 mm SL.
Colour: in alcohol base body coloration pale cream with brown basal crescents present at contact zones of contiguous scales, particularly evident on dorsum and along midline but extend over flanks in larger specimens of both sexes. Dorsum of head dark brown; same as distal portion of adipose fin. In male, faint humeral blotch usually visible near insertion of pectoral fin. No trace of humeral blotch detectable in females. In males distinctive broad black blotch extends just above midline behind dorsal fin and ventrally over anal fin. Distal margin of anal fin lacks black pigmentation. In females and juveniles, caudal blotch less extensive and not extending over anal fin; anal fin creamy white or hyaline. Other fins hyaline, but in males leading edge of pectoral fin dusky black. In life, iridescent silver with greenish-copper reflections posterolaterally on flanks and caudal peduncle. In males black blotch evident only at base of anal fin and over body of fin. Distal margin of anal fin strongly contrasted in white. In females black blotch visible only over caudal peduncle and along anal-fin base..
Affinities: distinguished from congeners by the possession of 21-24 scales in the longitudinal series vs 28-42 scales, and from Brachypetersius altus by the possession of a short, abridged lateral line of 6 or 7 pored scales vs a complete lateral line of 20-28 pored scales. Unique among related taxa in displaying marked sexual dichromatism, and dimorphism of the anal-fin skeleton. With medially expanded first anal fin pterygiophores, markedly enlarged branched anal ray segments, and strongly convex anal-fin profiles characterizing males. They also display a distinctive black blotch extending from just above midline behind the dorsal fin and passing ventrally over the anal fin.
It can be also distinguished from other Bathyaethiops species by different meristic features (see figure in Bathyaethiops introduction).
Ecology and habitat: all specimens were collected with cast nets deployed from the riverbank. The Lékoumou River at the sampling station is approximately 20 meters wide, with banks covered with dense, undisturbed riparian vegetation consisting of large numbers of entangling lianas covering large trees which also bear many epiphytic orchids. At the period of sampling, the river was extremely turbid because of flood, and the current was moderately rapid. Fishes were caught close to the bank, at a depth of about 1 m over sand and mud. Water temperature in the shallows where most specimens were collected was between 21-22.5°C and pH 7.6. Most female specimens contain numerous, seemingly mature eggs in the ovaries, and males have enlarged testes indicative of reproductive activity in December when the specimens were caught.
Distribution: Currently known only from the type locality, a small left bank tributary of the Louesse´ River in the Kouilou-Niari basin of the Republic of Congo. Collecting efforts in the nearby Gnimi River (another tributary of the Louessé some 40km north of the Lékoumou River) did not recover any individuals of B. atercrinis despite targeted sampling (see also Faunafri).
IUCN assessment
Not evaluated.
Bibliography
Bathyaethiops baka Moritz & Schliewen, 2016
Type and type locality
Bathyaethiops baka Moritz & Schliewen, 2016: 477-481 fig. 1-3. Type locality: “Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River between Chûte de Cholet and Chûte de Nki (N 02°19’10’’, E 14°28’15’’). Holotype: ZSM 43939. Paratypes: DMM IE/9789, ZSM 38450, AMNH 265019, ZSM 43940, ZSM 38454, MRAC B5.023.P.0004-0006, ZSM 43941.
Common names
English: Dwarf moon tetra (Cameroon)
Description
Diagnosis: a comparatively small species. Body laterally compressed, slightly elevated. Dorsal fin originating midway along body; pelvic fins originating slightly in front of dorsal fin; anal fin originating approximately at level of end of dorsal-fin base; adipose fin originating at level of caudal end of anal-fin base, positioned closer to caudal than to dorsal fin. Scale cover variably reduced: no pre-dorsal scales; usually no scales on caudal peduncle; usually a scale free patch on middle of flank at level of pelvic-fin origin. Number of pored scales in lateral line variable (0–9); lateral line never complete.
Premaxilla with two teeth in outer row, each with three major and two minor cusps and four teeth in inner row with four cusps in the first, six cusps in the second and third, and seven cusps in the last tooth. Dentary with four teeth in outer row, each with six cusps, except the last with only five cusps; an inner single monocuspid tooth usually absent (where it was possible to check this character without damaging the specimen only 2 out of 12 had inner monocuspid teeth). Anal fin convex in males, but almost straight in females and juveniles. Pectoral fin with 12 rays with dorsalmost and ventralmost rays unbranched. Pelvic fin with 8 rays, with first and last rays unbranched. 2 hypurals in lower lobe and 4 hypurals in upper lobe; 3 epurals; small cartilage present in front of anterior-most haemal spine. Supraneural directly in front of first pterygiophore of dorsal fin reduced in size or absent. This species seems to be a dwarf species within the genus Bathyaethiops.
Bathyaethiops baka: morphometric and meristic data.
Maximum reported size: 24.4 mm SL.
Colour: in life body pale translucent; dorsal, adipose and caudal fin bright red; pelvic and anal fin light orange to yellow; pectoral fin yellowish; upper quarter of iris orange; caudal peduncle on its dorsal and ventral margin slightly red. A prominent humeral spot the size of the pupil or larger, and a slightly larger dark spot on the caudal peduncle; the latter is bisected by a dark line along the midlateral line starting slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin and terminating just distal to the caudal peduncle spot; never any vertical stripes or barring along the midlateral line. Few melanophores in mid-dorsal line along the back starting on lower jaw and reaching caudal peduncle; thin line of melanophores along anal-fin base; often an elevated line of melanophores proximal to the anal-fin base; a dark bar at the end of the caudal peduncle. Melanophores densely set on posterior dorsal half of head. In general, contrast and coloration more pronounced in mature males.
In preservative pale whitish to light brown; red, orange and yellow coloration absent. Melanophore pattern as in preserved specimens, but spot on the caudal peduncle less pronounced and smaller, i.e. not reaching the anal fin base; humeral spot more intensively colored but of same size.
Affinities: distinguished from all congeners by an incomplete squamation with the scale cover variably reduced to no pre-dorsal scales, usually no scales on caudal peduncle, and usually a scale-free patch on middle flank at about level of pelvic-fin origin. Furthermore distinguished by a unique color pattern, i.e., a combination of a humeral spot of about pupil-size and the absence of dark vertical bars along midlateral flanks.
Difficult to distinguish from juvenile B. caudomaculatus, from which this species differs by the (usually) absence of unicuspid teeth in the second row of lower jaws (vs presence), and (usually) the absent or rudimentary supraneural between two neural spines directly in front of the first dorsal fin pterygiophore (vs well developed).
It can be also distinguished from other Bathyaethiops species by different meristic features (see figure in Bathyaethiops introduction).
Habitat
All specimens were caught in the main river channel, usually in or close to riparian vegetation over a substrate of fine particles and organic material. Water parameters from the Ngoko River at Ndongo taken on 04.02.2008 were: pH 7.08; conductivity 23 μS; temperature 27.5°C.
Distribution
The species is so far known from several localities along the Ngoko River, from below the Nki falls to the village of Ndongo. The Ngoko, called Dja River above the Nki falls, is a tributary to the Sangha River, a major northern tributary of the Congo River sampling (see also Faunafri).
IUCN assessment
Not evaluated.
Bibliography
Bathyaethiops breuseghemi (Poll, 1945)
Type and type locality
Micralestes breuseghemi Poll, 1945: 50-52, fig. 6. Type locality: “riv. Luembe, O. Kakenga”. Holotype: MRAC 59191. Paratypes: MRAC 59192-59204.
Synonyms
Bathyaethiops caudomaculatus (non Pellegrin, 1925) Poll, 1959
Micralestes breuseghemi Poll, 1945
Bathyaethiops breuseghemi Poll, 1967
Phenacogrammus (Bathyaethiops) breuseghemi Géry, 1977
Common names
English: Rectangle spot moon tetra (Demovratic Republic of Congo
Estonian: Breuseghemi kuutetra
Finnish: Kuutetra
German: Afrikanischer Mondsalmler
Description
Diagnosis: body depth 2.15-2.45 (2.25-2.75) and head length 3.6-4 (3.65-4.5) in SL. Dental formula: [4/8 (upper jaw), 6-8/2 (lower jaw)], [type: 4/8 (upper jaw), 6/2 (lower jaw)]. Dorsal fin more or less filamentous: II,8 (II,8). Anal fin: III, 22-24 (II,22-23). Gill rakers: 9-10 (11). Scales: 28-32+1-2 (31-32) (longitudinal line); 5½-6½ (above lateral line)/3½-4½ (below lateral line) (6½/4½); 10 auround caudal peduncle. Lateral line scales 25-29 (28) tubes.
Maximum reported size: 48.5 mm SL
Colour: a large oval pedunculary black blotch on lower part of the caudal-peduncle origin extending nearly up to the caudal-fin origin. There is a humeral mark or not.
Affinities: it can be also distinguished from other Bathyaethiops species by different meristic features (see figure in Bathyaethiops introduction).
Distribution
Lower Lulua drainage (Kasai system, middle Congo River basin) in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Also reported from the Bomu (Ubangi drainage, middle Congo River basin) in Central African Republic (see also Faunafri).
The species is widespread or without major threats throughout the Central Africa assessment region and is assessed as Least Concern..
Major threats: none known.
Bibliography
Bathyaethiops caudomaculatus (Pellegrin, 1925)
Type and type locality
Micralestes caudomaculatus Pellegrin, 1925: 101-102. Type locality: “Ouesso (Sangha)”. Holotype: MNHN 1925-0128.
Synonyms
Micralestes caudomaculatus Pellegrin, 1925
Hemigrammalestes caudomaculatus Pellegrin, 1926
Phenacogrammus caudomaculatus Poll, 1945
Alestopetersius (Microlepidalestes) caudomaculatus Hoedeman, 1951
Phenacogrammus (Microlepidalestes) caudomaculatus Hoedeman, 1956
Bathyaethiops caudomaculatus Poll, 1959
Phenacogrammus (Bathyaethiops) caudomaculatus Géry, 1977
Common names
Danish: Afrikansk månetetra
English: African moon tetraAfrican moonfish (USA)
Estonian: Laiksaba-kuutetra
Finnish: Täpläkuutetra
German: Afrikanischer Mondsalmler
Description
Diagnosis: body depth 1.9-2.5 (2.5) and head length 3.8-3.95 (3.5) in SL. Dental formula: [4/8 (upper jaw), 8/2 (lower jaw], [type: 4/8 (upper jaw), 8/2 (lower jaw] (see figure below). Cuspids number: [3-5/4-9 (upper jaw), 5-7/1 (lower jaw)]. Dorsal fin: II,8 (II,8). Anal fin: III,22-23 (III,21). Gill rakers: 9-11 (11). Scales: 28-35+1-2 (33) (longitudinal line); 5½-7½ (above lateral line)/3½-4½ (below lateral lien); 10-12 around caudal peduncle. Lateral line scales 9-33 (10-11) tubes.
Bathyaethiops caudomaculatus: mouth open in lingual view.
Maximum reported size: 60 mm SL.
Colour: (similar to B. greeni), a pedunculary black spot, very large, in all deep and in front of the caudal peduncle. A humeral mark and small vertical lines inserted in longitudinal series.
Affinities: it can be also distinguished from other Bathyaethiops species by different meristic features (see figure in Bathyaethiops introduction).
Distribution
Sangha River drainage in Republic of Congo and Cameroon, and Pool Malebo, Lake Tumba, middle Congo River, lower Lomami, Itimbiri and lower Lualaba (see also Faunafri).
The species is widespread or without major threats throughout the Central Africa assessment region and is assessed as Least Concern.
Major threats: this is a commercially harvested aquarium species.
Bibliography
Bathyaethiops flammeus Moritz & Schliewen, 2016
Type and type locality
Bathyaethiops flammeus Moritz & Schliewen, 2016: 482-487, fig. 6-9. Holotype: ZSM 43945. Paratypes: ZSM 39295, AMNH 265018, DMM IE/9790, DMM IE/9791, MRAC B5.023.P.0001-0003.
Common names
English: Red-back moon tetra (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Description
Diagnosis: body laterally compressed, moderately elevated. Dorsal fin originating at midbody; pelvic fins originating slightly in front of dorsal fin; anal fin originating at level of, or slightly caudal to, end of dorsal-fin base. Scale cover complete; lateral line usually incomplete, but complete in a few specimens; when incomplete, number of pored scales in anterior section variable, 5-16 (5-14 on type locality); sometimes pored scales also present posteriorly after an interruption of varying extent. 7-10 pre-dorsal scales, but without scales immediately in front of dorsal-fin origin.
Premaxilla with two teeth in outer row, first with tree and second with five cusps, and four teeth in inner row with four to five cusps on first, seven cusps on second and third and five cusps on last tooth. Dentary with four teeth in outer row with seven cusps on second, six cusps on first and third, and four cusps on last tooth; an inner single monocuspid tooth close to symphysis present. Anal fin enlarged and convex in mature males, more or less straight in females and juveniles. Pectoral fin with 11-12 rays; pelvic fin with 9 rays. 2 hypurals in lower lobe and 4 hypurals in upper lobe; 3 epurals; small cartilage present in front of anterior-most haemal spine. Supraneural directly in front of the first dorsal pterygiophore well developed or sometimes completely absent (well developed in all specimens from Boendé and Éala).
Bathyaethiops flammeus: morphometric and meristic data.
Maximum reported size: 42 mm SL.
Colour: in life body silvery, slightly translucent; anterior half of dorsal fin and the melanophorefree area in front of dorsal fin bright red; rest of dorsal fin, adipose fin and caudal fin grey; pectoral, pelvic and anal fin transparent; anterior distal part of anal fin black marked in males; upper half of adipose fin black in most specimens. A prominent dark humeral spot smaller than pupil and an extensive black blotch on the caudal peduncle; the latter is bisected by a dark line along the horizontal septum starting slightly behind humeral spot and continuing to the end of the caudal peduncle (this line is faint on the caudal peduncle of specimens from Boendé); about 9 (7-9 in Boendé, 10 in Éala) more or less regular vertical bars along the horizontal line with most bars located dorsally from the level of midbody. A dark line from the lower jaw over along the mid-dorsal line on the back to the end of caudal peduncle dark, with a prominent spot free of any melanophores in front of dorsal-fin base; base of anal fin darkly pigmented, more prominent anteriorly; a prominent dark bar on the end of the caudal peduncle broadened medially (less expressed in specimens from Boendé and Éala); distal edge of adipose fin often black or dark grey, rest of fin slightly grey or colourless (black edge in all specimens from Boendé; colourless in all specimens from Éala). Melanophores densely set on upper half of skull. Data on life coloration of specimens from Boendé and Éala unavailable.
In preservative pale yellow to brownish, all prominent red coloration vanished; the melanophore free spot in front of the dorsal fin appears clear white; upper half of flank darker. Melanophore pattern less pronounced, but better visible as in life specimens; black mid-dorsal line less prominent; black mark along anal-fin base well visible in anterior part as in posterior part, where it is sometimes missing; this line (in contrast to life) not confluent with blotch on caudal peduncle.
Affinities: it can be also distinguished from other Bathyaethiops species by different meristic features (see figure in Bathyaethiops introduction).
Remark: the specimens collected at Boendé are clearly distinguishable from the type series, e.g., by scale counts. However, because the three specimens from Éala appear somewhat intermediate, e.g. in having 33-34 scales in supposed lateral line (vs 33-36 in Yambula-Bakéré and 36-41 in Boendé) 7½ scales between lateral line and dorsal fin (vs 6½ in Yambula-Bakéré and 7½-8½ in Boendé) and 14-16 scales around caudal peduncle (vs 12 in Yambula-Bakéré and 13-18 in Bakéré), we conservatively interpret these differences as geographical variation and consider these geographically disparate populations as conspecifics rather than being separate species.
Distribution
Bakéré River at Yambula-Bakéré, Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of Congo, a large blackwater rainforest stream with no aquatic vegetation and sandy soil northwest of Kisangani directly entering the Congo River. Additional specimens were collected in 1969 in the Tshuapa River at Boendé, and 1981 from the Ruki River (the name of the lower Tshuapa River after it has united with the Momboyo River) at Éala, both in the Democratic Republic of Congo (see also Faunafri).
IUCN assessment
Not evaluated.
Bibliography
Bathyaethiops greeni Fowler, 1949
Type and type locality
Bathyaethiops greeni Fowler, 1949: 247-248, fig. 19-23. Type locality: “Oka (Congo System)”. Holotype: ANSP 71877. Paratypes: ANSP 71878-71887.
Synonyms
Bathyaethiops greeni Fowler, 1949
Phenacogrammus (Bathyaethiops) greeni Géry, 1977
Common names
English: Green's moon tetra (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Estonian: Greeni kuutetra
Finnish: Pikkukuutetra
German: Greens Salmler
Description
Diagnosis: body depth 1.9-2.9 (2.1-3.5) and head length 3.55-3.85 (3.65-3.8) in SL. Dental formula: [4/8 (upper jaw), 6-8/2 (lower jaw)]. Cuspids number: [3/4-5 (upper jaw), 3-4/1 (lower jaw)] (see figure below). Dorsal fin: II,8 (III,8). Anal fin: III,23-25 (III,21). Gill rakers: 9-10 (12). Scales: 36-42+1-2 (33-34+2-3) (longitudinal line); 7½-8½ (above lateral line) /4½-5½ (below lateral line), (8½/3½); 14-16 around caudal peduncle. Lateral line scales 11-34 tubes.
Bathyaethiops greeni: mouth open in lingual view.
Maximum reported size: 55.5 mm SL.
Colour: a very large pedunculary black blotch in front of the caudal peduncle, extending on all the caudal peduncle depth. A black humeral blotch and small vertical black lines inserted in longitudinal series.
Affinities: it can be distinguished from other Bathyaethiops species by different meristic features (see figure in Bathyaethiops introduction).
Distribution
Middle Congo River basin, in the Likouala drainage in Republic of Congo and the Ruki and Lake Mai Ndombe drainage in Democratic Republic of the Congo (see also Faunafri).
The species is widespread or without major threats throughout the Central Africa assessment region and is assessed as Least Concern.
Major threats : this is a commercially harvested aquarium species.
Bibliography
